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Pleasant Porter (1840-1907), was a respected American Indian statesman and the Principal Chief of the Creek Nation from 1899 until his death. He served with the Confederacy in the 1st Creek Mounted Volunteers, as Superintendent of Schools in the Creek Nation (1870), as commander of the Creek Light Horsemen (1883), and was many times the Creek delegate to the United States Congress. He was also President of the Sequoyah Constitutional Convention in 1905 during the attempt by Native American tribes to acquire statehood for the Indian Territory.〔Mullins, Jonita. ''Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture''. Volume 9, Number 3, September, 1931. "Muskogee County." Retrieved April 22, 2013.()〕 Instead, their territory was made part of the state of Oklahoma. ==Early life== Pleasant Porter was the son of Benjamin Edward Porter and Phoebe Perryman, daughter of Lydia Perryman, a mixed-blood Creek daughter of Chief Perryman), and ''Tah-lo-pee Tust-a-nuk-kee,'' a town chief.〔''Chronicles of Oklahoma'', Vol. 15, No. 2, page 168, June, 1937, THE PERRYMANS, http://digital.library.okstate.edu/Chronicles/v015/v015p166.html〕 He was a mix-blood Creek born into his mother's Bird Clan. The Creek had a matrilineal kinship system, in which children took status in their mother's clan. He was born September 26, 1840 in what is now Wagoner County, Oklahoma. His Creek name was ''Talof Harjo'', which means "Crazy Bear" in English.〔Everett, Dianna. ''Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture''. "Porter, Pleasant (1840 – 1907)." Retrieved April 22, 2013.()〕〔Meserve, John Bartlett. ''Chronicles of Oklahoma'' "Chief Pleasant Porter." ()〕 The family ranch was begun by his grandfather, John Snodgrass Porter, who had fought with Andrew Jackson against the Creek in Georgia after the massacre at Fort Mims. To minimize further bloodshed, Captain Porter volunteered to mediate between the Creek leaders and white army. Grateful for his efforts, the Creek adopted him into the tribe. First, he settled on Creek land in Russell County, Alabama. When the Indian Removal program began, he moved with the first group of Lower Creek who went to Indian Territory in the 1820s. There, he settled on the north bank of the Arkansas River and developed a plantation based on the labor of enslaved African Americans.〔 As John Porter was dying in 1847, other family members gathered around his deathbed. His grandson Pleasant was seven and had Indian features. According to historian John Meserve, Porter put his hand on the boy's head and announced to the family, "He will do more than any of you."〔 Pleasant Porter was educated at the Tullahassee Mission School, where he spent five years. His home was bi-cultural, and he learned both Muscogee and English; this gave him the advantage of being able to operate well in both the white and Native American worlds when he became an adult.〔 He supplemented this basic education by developing a lifelong habit of study at home. After leaving school, he clerked in a store for a while. He traveled to New Mexico, where he drove cattle until the outbreak of the Civil War.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Pleasant Porter」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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